ICRM activities are largely the responsibility of its working groups. Each group is guided by a coordinator who acts as a centre for ideas and communications and may organize conferences and workshops. There are now seven working groups with the following fields of interest and assigned coordinators:

• Alpha-Particle Spectrometry: S. Pommé, European Commission, Joint Research Centre (EC-JRC), Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements (IRMM), Retieseweg 111, B-2440 Geel, Belgium,
  e-mail: stefaan.pomme@ec.europa.eu

• Beta-Particle Spectrometry: X. Mougeot, Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel (LNE-LNHB), CEA-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France,
  e-mail: xavier.mougeot@cea.fr

• Gamma-Ray Spectrometry: M.-C. Lépy, Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel (LNE-LNHB), CEA-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France,
  e-mail: marie-christine.lepy@cea.fr

• Liquid Scintillation Counting: K. Kossert, Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Bundesalle 100, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany,
  e-mail: karsten.kossert@ptb.de

• Low-Level Measurement Techniques: S.M. Jerome, Norges miljø- og biovitenskapelige universitet (NMBU), Isotoplaboratoriet, Universitetstunet 3, 1433 Ås, Norway
  e-mail: simon.mark.jerome@nmbu.no

  Subgroup QA near decision threshold (etc.): M. Korun, Jožef Stefan Institute (JSI), Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia,
  email: matjaz.korun@ijs.si

• Life Sciences: J. Cessna, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, Maryland, 20899-8462, U.S.A.,
  e-mail: jeffrey.cessna@nist.gov

• Nuclear Decay Data: M. Kellett, Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel (LNE-LNHB), CEA-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France,
  e-mail: mark.kellett@cea.fr

• Radionuclide Metrology Techniques: R. Fitzgerald, Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, Maryland, 20899-8462, U.S.A.,
  e-mail: ryan.fitzgerald@nist.gov

  C. Bobin, Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel (LNE-LNHB), CEA-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France,
  e-mail: Christophe.bobin@cea.fr

  Subgroup DCC: J. Keightley, National Physical Laboratory (NPL), Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex, TW11 0LW, UK,
  e-mail: John.Keightley@npl.co.uk

  Subgroup Internal Gas Counting: S. Bell, National Physical Laboratory (NPL), Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex, TW11 0LW, UK,
  e-mail: steven.bell@npl.co.uk

  Subgroup Large Area Sources: O. Nähle, Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig,
  e-mail: ole.j.naehle@ptb.de

Note: This information is made available through the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) facilities. However, the views expressed and the decisions reported do not necessarily connote NIST agreement with, or endorsement of them. Further, NIST does not endorse any commercial products that may be mentioned. Any comments that you provide by e-mail or by submitting an on-line form may be sent to members of the ICRM who may not follow the same NIST privacy practices.

Within the last years, the development of new techniques for the fabrication of Si detectors and the design of new measurement chambers, has produced considerable advances in the field of alpha-particle spectrometry with semiconductor detectors. Peak resolutions are now close to 8.5 keV, approaching the theoretical limit attainable with this kind of detectors. From the side of numerical analysis of spectra, a major effort has been dedicated by several laboratories to produce reliable fitting programs. Although it is difficult to give a comprehensive listing of activities, the following items describe the main areas of research.

• Development of new measurement techniques
• Improvement of fitting programs
• Measurement of nuclear data with emphasis on alpha-particle emission probabilities
• Computer simulation of the physical processes in the detector and source

Beta Particle Spectrometry Working Group

This Working Group is devoted to the development of the metrological aspects of beta-particle spectrometry and its applications. This includes, but is not restricted to:

• Theory
• Beta (β±) and electron capture (ε) transitions
• Theoretical shape factors and influence of the nuclear current
• Atomic effects
• Experiments
• Instrumentations used for beta spectrometry
• Techniques that need beta information
• Confidence on experimental shape factors
• Data analysis and unfolding methods
• Simulations
• Confidence on the physical processes: low energies, radioactive decays, atomic rearrangements
• Comparison of the results of different codes: Geant4, Penelope, etc.
• Evaluations and dissemination
• Confidence and uncertainties on experimental shape factors
• Evaluation procedure for establishing recommended experimental shape factors
• Mean energies, log ft values, database

Other suggested topics are welcome.

Gamma-ray spectrometry is a widely used analysis technique, with applications in a large range of fields and expertise. The ICRM Gamma Spectrometry Working Group (GSWG) is devoted to the development of the metrological aspects of gamma-ray spectrometry and its applications.

This includes, but is not restricted to:

• Characterization of measurement techniques and instrumentation,
• Determination of photon emission intensities,
• Determination and assessment of corrective factors and uncertainties,
• Determination of activity of gamma-emitting radionuclides for industrial, or safety applications, etc.

The GSWG promotes collaboration between the WG members to improve the analytical techniques and distributes practical information in order to disseminate the knowledge and know-how to various laboratories.

This working group is devoted to the development of liquid-scintillation counting (LSC) techniques, especially in the field of radionuclide standardization. This concerns especially LS-sources data, the CIEMAT/NIST and the Triple to Double Coincidence Ratio (TDCR) methods, the theory and practice of LSC techniques, new measurement methods (e.g., HPMT), the modification and construction of new LS arrangements, the commercial LS spectrometers and the counting techniques).

The ICRM working group for Low-Level Measurements Techniques (LLMT) examines techniques to enable the detection of ever smaller amounts of radioactivity. This enables, for example, collecting smaller samples and realising new applications involving radionuclides. The working group focuses on metrology and the latest developments in a variety of areas, including measurement of environmental radioactivity, radionuclides in food and drinking water, reference materials characterisation, tracer studies and nuclear physics research. Conference proceedings are published in refereed scientific journals.

The Low-Level Radioactivity Measurement Techniques (ICRM-LLRMT) 2020 Conference is a five-day topical meeting of the International Committee for Radionuclide Metrology (ICRM). The INFN-LNGS is pleased to host the conference at the Gran Sasso National Laboratory in Italy, 2-6 May 2022 . https://icrm2020.lngs.infn.it. The conference brings together 130-150 worldwide experts for presentations and discussion covering the techniques, applications and data in the field of low-level radioactivity measurement. The conference in 2022 will be the first time it is hosted in the Italy.

It is foreseen that proceedings will be published in a refereed international journal (such as, for example, Applied Radiation & Isotopes). Abstracts will be asked to be submitted late in 2021 at the conference website.

The Nuclear Decay Data Working Group (3NDWG) facilitates awareness and communications between ICRM members interested in the measurement, calculation, compilation and evaluation of decay data, and the maintenance of computer-based decay data files (e.g., half-lives; energies and emission probabilities of alpha particles, beta particles, gamma rays, x-rays, conversion electrons and Auger electrons; internal conversion coefficients; transition types; and other relevant parameters, including uncertainties).

Members of the 3NDWG are encouraged to use the Working Group to communicate experimental and theoretical work, relevant evaluation procedures, their decay data problems, and to establish methodologies that are fully consistent with the satisfactory production of recommended decay data.

The 3NDWG Coordinator strives to maintain satisfactory links between all active members to achieve the primary aim (see above), and to inform them of all relevant activities identified with the creation and maintenance of decay-data files.

The purpose of the Life Sciences Working Group is to provide a forum for ICRM members to address radionuclide metrology issues as they relate to the life sciences. Issues may include, but are not limited to: development of methodologies to calibrate short-lived radionuclides of interest in nuclear medicine, measurement of decay properties (half-lives, decay energies and probabilities, etc.) of radionuclides used in nuclear medicine and biological research, development of measurement methodologies for transferring National Measurement Standards to the clinic and research laboratory, and development of methods to perform radioactivity assays of brachytherapy sources. The Working Group will facilitate finding solutions to these problems through workshops, publications, electronic communications (i.e., email), and collaborative work. The Coordinator will maintain communication links between the members and will periodically report to the group new issues and advancements in the field.

Coordinator's Annual Report

LSWG Meeting, 12-13 November 2008, NPL, Teddington, UK

Radionuclide Calibrator Measurements

Radionuclide Metrology Techniques Working Group

Following the ICRM 2001 conference in Braunschweig, the ICRM RMT working group was reactivated after some years of stagnation. Two immediate tasks were proposed for the working group: development of digitally recorded pulse train analysis software for radionuclide standardisation organise an intercomparison of tritiated water standards The RMT sessions at each of the subsequent ICRM conferences have included papers on a much wider range of topics than those currently being addressed by the working group. Indeed, the scope of the RMT working is so wide that is extremely difficult for the working group coordinators to arrange projects which address the needs of the members. It is hoped that members of the working group are willing to take a more proactive role in both the instigation and coordination of future collaborative projects.